MURMU NOTES

  🇮🇳 1. Neutral Stance, Balanced Diplomacy India has consistently maintained a neutral and cautious position: The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) has repeatedly expressed deep concern over escalating hostilities, urging restraint, dialogue, and diplomacy from both Israel and Iran ( news18.com ). India distanced itself from a strong condemnation of Israel at the SCO summit , instead emphasizing its neutrality while quoting concerns over civilian safety and regional stability ( economictimes.indiatimes.com ). There’s no explicit condemnation of either party; the focus is on halting escalation and avoiding wider conflict. ⚖️ 2. Strategic Partnerships on Both Sides India maintains deep ties with both nations : 🤝 With Israel A strategic relationship encompassing defense cooperation , counter-terror collaboration, and high trade value (over $5 billion in defense equipment) ( en.wikipedia.org ). Ongoing joint exercises and equipment exchanges reflect strong sec...

  🕰️ Origins: From Quiet Allies to Bitter Foes 1948–1979: A brief alliance Imperial Iran was among the few Muslim-majority nations to recognize Israel in 1948. The two countries shared mutual interests, particularly countering pan-Arab nationalism . 1979: Islamic Revolution transforms the relationship The overthrow of Shah Pahlavi brought a theocratic regime that viewed Israel as the “Little Satan.” Diplomatic ties were severed, and ideology turned hostile . 1980s–2000s: Proxy battles emerge Iran funded Hezbollah during the 1982 Lebanon War and supported militant groups like Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad—while Israel targeted Iran's nuclear ambitions through covert cyberattacks (notably Stuxnet) and assassinating Iranian nuclear scientists  📈 Escalating Shadow War 2000s–2023: Covert operations and regional clashes A persistent campaign of sabotage, cyber warfare, drone strikes, and proxy violence simmered across the region ( aljazeera.com ). 2024: Ove...